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To address our research questions, we employ a multidisciplinary approach that combines in vitro and in vivo electrophysiological techniques with state-of-the-art imaging, optical, and behavioral methods. We also apply a variety of virus-mediated and transgenic tools in efforts to probe distinct circuit components such as genetically defined neurons and synapses.

  • In vitro & in vivo electrophysiology

  • Whole-cell recordings

  • Multi-unit recordings

  • Juxta-cellular recordings

  • Dynamic-clamp

  • Optogenetics

  • Laser uncaging

  • Calcium imaging

  • Pharmacology

  • Behavioral assays

  • Pupillometry

  • Anatomy

  • Immunohistochemistry

  • Confocal imaging

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